Fair use

Definition:
The purpose and character of the disputed use; the nature of the copyrighted work; the importance of the portion used in relation to the work as a whole; and the effect of the use on the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work.

USTR

Definition:
The U.S. Trade Representative is a a cabinet-level official, with the rank of ambassador, who is the principal adviser to the U.S. president on international trade policy.

Community Trade Mark

Definition:
A trademark registration granted by the European Community Trademark Office and enforceable throughout EC member nations.

Patent Cooperation Treaty

Definition:
The Patent Cooperation Treaty enables an inventor to file a single international application in addition to the main patent application filed in a treaty-member country; this simplifies the process of an applicant's seeking a patent on the same invention in more than one nation.

Patent

Definition:
In the United States, a grant by the federal government to an inventor of the right to exclude others from making, using, or selling the invention. There are three very different kinds of patents in the United States: a utility patent on the functional aspects of products and processes; a design patent on the ornamental design of useful objects; and a plant patent on a new variety of living plant. Patents do not protect "ideas," only structures and methods that apply technological concepts. In return for receiving the right to exclude others from a precisely defined scope of technology, industrial design, or plant variety, which is the gist of a patent, the inventor must fully disclose the details of the invention to the public.

Secondary Meaning

Definition:
A meaning for a trademark or service mark that customers associate with a particular brand of products or services. For trade symbols that are not inherently distinctive, distinctiveness must be acquired in order to be protected by a trademark or service mark.

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